1883 - President Arthur reverses a trend

President Chester Arthur set aside lands for the Hopi and the Navajo and raised the ire of white citizens in the Southwest

        Against type (and public opinion), President Chester Arthur set aside 4,000 square miles of land in northern Arizona -  all held in public domain - for the exclusive use of the Hopi.  The purpose of this order was to prevent Mormons from claiming the land under the Homestead laws (Desert Lands Act).

        And for good reason.  When General Sherman was asked by reporters in Washington D.C. to describe Indian reservations, Sherman replied: "An Indian reservation is a parcel of land set aside for the exclusive use of Indians, and is surrounded by thieves."